Current State of Philippines Geothermal Energy Industry

By: John Arnel T. Vito

Philippines identified as ‘outperformer’ in the geothermal power market

Financial information services company Fitch Solutions has placed the Philippines among the nations that are regarded "outperforming" in the geothermal sector. The company underlined the country's huge installed geothermal capacity and potential for substantial development. Geothermal power markets that have a sizable installed capacity base and are anticipated to experience significant expansion throughout the forecast period are considered outperformers, according to Fitch Solutions.

The Fitch research states that the Philippines "has one of the highest levels of installed geothermal capacity in the world and it makes up a considerable part of its total renewables output." Fitch Solutions predicts that, aside from hydropower, geothermal power will be the main source of renewable electricity supply in the nation during a 10-year forecast period. The nation is anticipated to have average growth of 1.1% between 2022 and 2032 from a total installed capacity of 1,918 MW last year. The anticipated installed capacity by 2031 will be 2,145 MW (1).

ThinkGeoEnergy’s Top 10 Geothermal Countries 2021 – installed power generation capacity (MWe)

The Philippines currently holds the 3rd position globally in terms of geothermal installed capacity. However, Fitch Solutions expects the Philippines to fall to 4th place by 2025 as most of the country’s proven geothermal reserves have already been commercialized. The potential reserves, on the other hand, are in more inaccessible areas.

There is still cause for optimism as new exploration surveys have been launched since June 2018. About 10 deals have been inked by the Philippine authorities with companies for the drilling of exploratory wells. Four geothermal projects with a combined capacity of 542 MW have also been endorsed by the Department of Energy for a power grid impact study.

Fitch Solutions also cited the granting of certification of energy projects of national significance (EPNS) to the geothermal projects in Kalinga and Mount Malinao, with potential capacities of 120 MW and 12 MW respectively. The certification is meant to help speed up the approval process for the projects (2).

PHILIPPINES GEOTHERMAL ENERGY MARKET – GROWTH, TRENDS, COVID-19 IMPACT, AND FORECASTS (2023 – 2028)

The Philippine Geothermal Energy market is Segmented by Technology Type (Ground Source Heat Pump, Direct Use Geothermal, and Deep Geothermal System). The report offers the market size and forecasts in installed capacity (in MW) for all the above segments.

Philippines Geothermal Energy Market Analysis

The Philippine geothermal energy Market is projected to register a CAGR of around 1.5 % during the forecast period. The market was negatively impacted by COVID-19 in 2020. Presently the market has now reached pre-pandemic levels. Over the medium term, factors such as rising energy demand and the demand for cleaner energy are expected to drive the growth of the Philippine geothermal energy market during the forecast period. On the other hand, low domestic investment due to the high installation cost of the geothermal plants is expected to restrain the Philippine geothermal energy market in the forecast period.

Nevertheless, due to its favourable geological characteristics, the deep geothermal system sector is anticipated to experience significant expansion in the Philippine geothermal energy market. By 2040, the Philippine government hopes to stop using coal and shift its attention to renewable and natural gas energy sources. This can create several opportunities for the Philippines geothermal energy market in the future. Favourable government policies and incentives on renewable energy are likely to drive the Philippine geothermal energy market during the forecast period (3).

The Philippines currently has seven geothermal fields which supply about 12 percent of the nation’s energy, with a long-term plan to nearly double capacity by 2040. Targeting geothermal, the Philippines Department of Energy has set targets for geothermal power generation capacity additions … short term 183 MW (2016-2020), 900 MW in the medium-term (2021 to 2025), and 288 MW in the long-term (2026 to 2030). The total objective to be reached by 2030 is 1,371 MW in added capacity (correlating with a total Installed of around 3,676 MW. With ambitious development plans elsewhere, the Philippines would though find it hard to remain in its no. 3 position it holds today (4).

However, despite the potential of geothermal resources in the Philippines, there are still a number of factors contributing to a decline in investments: unattractive incentives package compared to other countries, a privatised energy sector, tedious permitting processes and a lack of potential investors who are willing to take the risk. Although geothermal energy is theoretically free, finding the resource is an expensive enterprise, with exploration wells costing up to US$8 million each with no guarantee of success.

Geothermal trailblazer and leading renewable energy company, Energy Development Corporation (EDC) believes that geothermal is the key to establishing a stable energy baseload suited to the constant yet dynamic power needs of the Philippines’ developing economy. Perhaps, geothermal might be the answer to the Philippines’ goal of cutting carbon emissions by 70 percent by 2030. In reports from this week, its seems the outlook is though not as bright with a new low in renewable power generation only 21% in 2019.

With that the National Renewable Energy Board is looking at a review of its renewable energy program. The country is way behind its 15,000 MW by 2030 target. With around 35% of the energy mix in 2008 when the renewable energy legislation was passed, it gradually decreased to 25.6% in 2014, 24.2% in 2016 and now to 21%. The overall renewable energy power generation capacity stood at 5,438 MW in 2010 (with about 35% represented by geothermal) with a target of 15,000 MW by 2030. So proposals are made to increase the target to 20,000 MW to realistically reach the set energy mix targets.

With a focus on mostly solar capacity (15,000 MW), wind 3,000 MW, hydro 1,000 MW, geothermal (and biomass) would see an increase of only 500 MW each. This is naturally far off from the targets initially set by the Department of Energy in the Philippines.

So industry expectations and the now rather old and outdated targets need to be revisited.

Reference
(1)    Mordor Intelligence. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/philippines-geothermal-energy-market. [Online]
(2)    Think GeoEnergy. https://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/geothermal-in-the-philippines-an-urgent-revamp-of-targets-and-development-needed/. [Online]
(3)    ThinkGeoEnergy – Geothermal Energy News. https://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/philippines-identified-as-outperformer-in-the-geothermal-power-market/amp/. [Online]
(4)    ThinkGeoEnergy – Geothermal Energy News. https://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/thinkgeoenergys-top-10-geothermal-countries-2021-installed-power-generation-capacity-mwe/amp/. [Online]


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