The Importance of Energy Storage Systems for Reliable Electricity Generation and Transmission


The Importance of Energy Storage Systems for Reliable Electricity Generation and Transmission by: Zakk Yngwie Mayol


 Introduction


The reliable and efficient generation and transmission of electricity is critical to modern society, and is essential for supporting a wide range of economic, social, and environmental activities. However, the growing demand for electricity, coupled with the increasing use of renewable energy sources, presents significant challenges for grid operators who must balance the variability of these resources with the need for stable and reliable power. [1] Energy storage systems can help to address these challenges by storing excess energy during times of low demand and releasing it during periods of high demand.


In recent years, there has been a growing interest in energy storage technologies as a means of enhancing the stability and resilience of the grid, as well as promoting the use of clean energy sources. [2] 


Technical and Economic Considerations for Energy Storage


There are a number of technical and economic considerations that must be taken into account when selecting an appropriate energy storage technology. The choice of technology will depend on a range of factors, including the required energy capacity, the desired response time, and the cost of the system. [3] Some of the most commonly used energy storage technologies include batteries, pumped hydro storage, and compressed air energy storage. [4, 5, 6] Each of these technologies has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of technology will depend on the specific requirements of the application.



Examples of Energy Storage Applications:


Energy storage systems can be used for a wide range of applications, including frequency regulation, load shifting, and backup power supply. Frequency regulation is an important function of the grid, and involves adjusting the output of generation sources to match the demand for electricity. [7, 8] Energy storage systems can be used to provide this service by quickly responding to changes in demand and helping to maintain grid stability. Load shifting involves storing excess energy during times of low demand and releasing it during periods of high demand. This can help to reduce peak demand on the grid and reduce the need for expensive peak power plants. Backup power supply is another important application of energy storage systems, and involves providing a reliable. [9]


General Design


Designing an energy storage system (ESS) is a critical aspect of ensuring reliable electricity generation and transmission. The design process involves selecting the appropriate technology, sizing the system to meet the energy and power requirements of the application, and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the system. [10] The selection of the appropriate technology will depend on factors such as the required energy density, power output, cycle life, and cost. Once the technology is selected, the size of the ESS must be determined based on factors such as the duration of the energy storage required, the maximum power output required, and the available space for the ESS. Finally, it is important to ensure that the ESS is designed to operate safely and reliably. This involves implementing thermal management systems to prevent overheating, safety systems such as fire suppression and emergency shutdown procedures, and control systems to manage the charging and discharging of the ESS. [11] By taking these factors into account, it is possible to design an ESS that provides reliable energy storage and improves the stability and reliability of the power system.






Fig. 1: A Standard Design for an Electrical Storage System





References:


  1. Renewable Energy and Electricity. August 2021. <https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/renewable-energy-and-electricity.aspx>.


  1. Simons, S., Schmitt, J., Tom, B., Bao, H., Pettinato, B., & Pechulis, M. (2021). Thermal, Mechanical, and Hybrid Chemical Energy Storage Systems. In Advanced Concepts (pp. 569-596). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819732-2.00010-9.



  1. Wu, F.-B., Yang, B., & Ye, J.-L. (2019). Integrated ESS Application and Economic Analysis. In Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems and Applications (pp. 153-201). Academic Press. ISBN 9780128152928. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815292-8.00005-8.


  1. Mitali, J., Dhinakaran, S., & Mohamad, A. A. "Energy storage systems: a review." Energy Storage and Saving, vol. 1, no. 3, 2022, pp. 166-216, ISSN 2772-6835, doi: 10.1016/j.enss.2022.07.002.



  1. Zablocki, Alexandra. "Fact Sheet | Energy Storage (2019)." Environmental and Energy Study Institute, 22 Feb. 2019, www.eesi.org/papers/view/energy-storage-2019.

Werner, Carol, and Amaury Laporte (Editors).


  1. Clark, Woodrow W., and Grant Cooke. "Chapter 7 - Storage Technologies." The Green Industrial Revolution, edited by Woodrow W. Clark and Grant Cooke, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2015, pp. 149-162. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802314-3.00007-X.


  1. Aktaş, Ahmet. "Chapter 10 - The Importance of Energy Storage in Solar and Wind Energy, Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems." Advances in Clean Energy Technologies, edited by Abul



  1. Kazemi, Mostafa, S. Sepehr Tabatabaei, and Niki Moslemi. "A novel public-private partnership to increase the penetration of energy storage systems in distribution level." Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 62, 2023, p. 106851, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.106851.


  1. Aktaş, Ahmet, and Yağmur Kirçiçek. "Chapter 3 - Why Solar Hybrid System?" Solar Hybrid Systems, edited by Ahmet Aktaş and Yağmur Kirçiçek, Academic Press, 2021, pp. 47-68, ISBN 9780323884990, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-88499-0.00003-3.



  1. "Takoma Battery | How to Build a Solar Power Energy Storage Systems." Takoma Battery, 7 Sept. 2021, https://www.takomabattery.com/how-to-build-a-solar-power-energy-storage-systems/.


  1. Le, Son Tay, et al. "Safety investigation of hydrogen energy storage systems using quantitative risk assessment." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 7, 2023, pp. 2861-2875, ISSN 0360-3199, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.082

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